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چکیده
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With the aim of reducing the use of natural resources, this research evaluated the behavior of self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) powder instead of limestone powder, GGBFS fine aggregate instead of natural fine aggregate, and electric arc furnace slag coarse aggregate (EAFS) instead of natural coarse aggregate. The evaluation included a comprehensive assessment of fresh concrete properties, compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), water absorption, and capillary water absorption. In addition, equations were proposed to predict the compressive strength of concrete in terms of the type and percentage of material replacement and curing time. Finally, the environmental effects of the concrete mixtures were studied, which fills a significant research gap. The results showed that with the optimal use of the mentioned substitute materials in concrete, the properties of fresh concrete, hardened concrete, and durability are improved. Using 45% GGBFS powder, 30% GGBFS fine aggregate, and 45% EAFS coarse aggregate, the concrete properties improved in comparison to the reference concrete. However, the results of the life cycle assessment showed that this mix design has more harmful effects on the environment than other designs of the present research. It should be noted that if these materials were not used in concrete, the same amount of damage would have been occurred due to their disposal.
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