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چکیده
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Graphene oxide (GO), the main precursor for producing graphene, is a two-dimensional network of sp2 and bonded sp3 atoms. The physical structure of pristine graphene can almost be restored by GO reduction. Graphene was experimentally discovered in 2004 and has since undergone an interesting development. The research focuses on the introduction of multidimensional materials, such as graphene oxide, into the active region of the solar cell in order to enhance its electrical and optical characteristics and boost productivity. It also considers the introduction of two-dimensional and three-dimensional materials into the active layer as well as multi-dimensional materials into the active layer and HTL or ETL as thin films in order to enhance the solar cell's specifications and efficiency. This study focuses on the introduction and usage of graphene compounds such graphene oxide and graphene oxide reduced by two and three dimensions, as well as on the preparation of a model of a solar cell consisting of many layers to utilize the complete spectrum of solar light. Fullerenes have good properties in enhancing energy conversion performance, as C60 was prepared from high purity graphite under precise laboratory conditions using microwave technology. C60 was then treated with other compounds with the aim of improving the properties of the compound to be used as an active area or layer between a laye, and this improved the performance of the compound.
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