Objective:The aim of this study was to compare theory of mind, cognitive emotion regulation and aggression in students with and without behavioral problems. Method:Causal-comparative design was used and all the juveniles between 15 and 18 years of age composed the statistical population. Using a Simple Random Sampling, and behavioral problems checklist as a screening tool, 74 juveniles (37 with and 37 without behavioral problems) selected as sample members. In addition to Quay and Peterson Revised Behavior Problem Checklist, BaronCohen Reading the mind in the eyes test, cognitive emotion regulation test and Buss & Perry aggression test were utilized for data collection. Results:The results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that there were significant differences between the two groups of juveniles in the theory of mind, positive cognitive emotion regulation, and physical aggression variables. Whereas, the theory of mind and positive cognitive emotion regulation variables negatively, and negative cognitive emotion regulation variable positively predicted the aggression in the juveniles. Conclusion: It appears that inability to perceiving the others’ mental states and emotions might bring about many problems in regulating a person’s emotions and deterring aggressive behaviors. The factors which could hinder good interactions of a person with the others and cause behavioral problems in the long run subsequently.
