Ferula gummosa Boiss. is a well-known endemic plant in Iran, primarily found in the north and northeast regions. It has long been recognized for its medicinal properties, especially in traditional medicine, where its gum is used to treat various gastrointestinal disorders and infections. However, despite its established benefits, there is a significant research gap regarding its potential anti-cancer properties, specifically against skin cancer cells. Methods: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects of F. gummosa gum on A-375 cancer cells using several assays, including MTT, clonogenic, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, DNA degradation, and in vitro wound-healing experiments. Results: Our findings revealed that the gum had a significant cytotoxic effect on A-375 cells, with an IC50 value of 8 µg/ml after 48 hours of treatment (compared to non-treated cells) (p<0.01). The observed pattern of DNA degradation suggested a decrease in cell viability, possibly due to apoptosis induction. Microscopic examinations showed nuclear condensation and a notable suppression of colony formation in A-375 cells treated with 8 and 10 μg/ml of the gum, compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, wound-healing assessments demonstrated the gum's ability to inhibit cell migration when compared to non-treated cells. Conclusions: These findings suggest that F. gummosa has significant inhibitory effects on melanoma cancer cells, making it a promising candidate for further investigations.
