حشمت اله علی نژاد

Recently, nanotechnology has achieved tremendous recognition in science owing to its outstandingly productive uses.1 Some metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are limited in their use in medical applications because their preparation involves toxic and dangerous substances, high pressure, environmental and biological risks and high cost.2,3 Among the nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles are valued because of their low cost and easy access, and they are widely used, especially in the catalyst field. Their useful physical properties include high-temperature superconductivity.4,5 Copper catalysis is known as one of the most efficient systems for a variety of organic reactions.6-8 The green synthesis of metal and metal oxide NPs by plants and phytochemicals is highly beneficial due to simple access, cost-effectiveness, use of safe chemicals, environmental friendliness, and superior yield; it does not need rigorous preservation of laboratory cultures.9-16 The synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts is thus an effective biological method because it can produce nanoparticles on a large scale with no need for culture. Copper, of course, is abundantly found in numerous salts in nature and these serve as the primary sources for copper oxide nanoparticles.17-19 CuO NPs are used to improve the viscosity of energy transferring fluids, in addition to raising thermal conductivity