Supply chain viability can only be achieved by integrating the features of sustainability, digitalization, resilience and leagility. The Covid-19 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of viability and strengthening the effectiveness and productivity of the supply chain. Although attempts have been made to explore this concept, the interdependencies among the supply chain viability factors, particularly within the manufacturing sector in an emerging economy have not yet been explored. This study aims to fill this gap by using the Modified Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (M-TISM) methodology to develop a hierarchical model of supply chain viability that is capable of considering the interactions and interdependencies among viability factors, especially for application to supply chains in the manufacturing sector. The efficiency and usefulness of the proposed framework are verified through a case study. The results show that digital engagement has the most critical impact on supply chain viability, followed by energy and resource consumption, and job safety and labor health. This method should be helpful to academics and industrial management to understand what is necessary to ensure supply chain viability, especially in a developing economy, and what is needed to enhance operational viability, with a focus on achieving sustainable development objectives.
