A high gypsum content can have a significant impact on plants that live in gypsum habitats. Gypsovags, which can be found in both gypsum and non-gypsum soil, may have evolved functional adaptations to live in this environment. Physiological and biochemical adaptation are expected to play important roles. Despite the fact that several studies have been conducted on the elemental adaptation of plants in gypsum habitats. However, more research is needed on biochemical regulations. Capparis spinosa is a widespread species that can survive in a variety of habitats including salt marshes, gypsum soil, calcareous soil, and some mountain habitats. We chose habitats with very low gypsum content as non-gypsum soil and a site with higher gypsum content that had previously been used as a gypsum mine. In early July, we collected leaf and fruit of the study species in Kazeron, southern Zagros. Following lab processing, we determined elemental traits of leaves in two locations using ICP-OES and measured total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), flavonols, and anthocyanin using spectrophotometry. C. spinosa fruits had higher levels of TPC and flavonols and lower levels of TFC in gypsum habitats, according to the findings. Anthocyanin levels were not significantly different in either habitat. Furthermore, elemental analysis of this species' leaves revealed that C. spinosa leaves contained more K, Ca, and Mn in non-gypsum soil and more Mn in gypsum soil. Gypsum soil has stressful conditions, especially with higher sulphate levels. Plants in stressful environments have higher TPC, according to our knowledge. Previous research found that C.spinosa had high Na levels in saline habitats and high S levels in gypsum soil. This species has functional adaptations that allow it to adapt to various habitats and soil conditions.
