This paper studies a time-fractional inverse heat conduction problem for identifying unknown Robin coefficients in the boundary conditions. This inverse problem is generally ill-posed. Thus, a mollification technique is used to obtain a regularized problem. Then, a finite difference marching method is employed to solve this problem and finally, we get estimations to the unknown coefficients. The stability of the approach is proved and an error analysis of the approximate solution is provided. Three examples are investigated to show feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.