Combined e ects of inclination with respect to gravity, Cu nanoparticles, and stainless steel partial on constrained ice melting with natural convection inside a horizontal enclosure with cross section of major circle sector are examined. Two-dimensional temperature-based la ice Boltzmann method (TLBM) in single-phase framework is applied to treat the solid–liquid phase change process in the presence of nano uids. Pertinent variables such as transient liquid fraction, average Nusselt number on hot surfaces, average temperature of PCM, and maximum velocity in molten PCM are investigated. It is found that in uences of nano uids and partial internal ns on thermal performance of the horizontal enclosure and interface morphology are related to inclination angle despite the negative e ects of increment of viscosity, weakening of natural convection ow, and decrease of storage capacity
