احمدعلی ربیع نتاج درزی

Combined e􀄛 ects of inclination with respect to gravity, Cu nanoparticles, and stainless steel partial on constrained ice melting with natural convection inside a horizontal enclosure with cross section of major circle sector are examined. Two-dimensional temperature-based la􀄴 ice Boltzmann method (TLBM) in single-phase framework is applied to treat the solid–liquid phase change process in the presence of nano􀄚 uids. Pertinent variables such as transient liquid fraction, average Nusselt number on hot surfaces, average temperature of PCM, and maximum velocity in molten PCM are investigated. It is found that in􀄚 uences of nano􀄚 uids and partial internal 􀄙 ns on thermal performance of the horizontal enclosure and interface morphology are related to inclination angle despite the negative e􀄛 ects of increment of viscosity, weakening of natural convection 􀄚 ow, and decrease of storage capacity